Greek historian Olympiodorus of Thebes roasted arsenic sulfide and obtained white arsenic during 5th century AD. Albertus Magnus is believed to have been the first to isolate the element from a compound in 1250, by heating soap together with arsenic trisulfide. In 1649, Johann Schröder published two ways of preparing arsenic.

希腊历史学家奥林匹多洛丝发现在5世纪时在底比斯烧制硫化砷得到白色的砷单质 阿尔伯特斯 曼格斯被认为是在1250年第一位用加热肥皂和硫化砷方法分离出砷单质的人 1649年，约翰 施罗德发表了两种制备砷的方法

Selenium was first observed in about the year 1300 by the alchemist Arnold of Villanova. Selenium was discovered in 1817 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Johan Gottlieb Gahn who noted the similarity of the new element to the previously-known tellurium. In 1873, Willoughby Smith found that the electrical resistance of grey selenium was dependent on the ambient light.

在大约1300年是炼丹家维兰诺瓦首先观察到了硒的存在 在1817年波则列厄斯和卡恩观察到了新元素和碲的相似性 1873年，威利斯必 史密斯发现灰色的硒的电阻取决于环境的光亮程度

Carl Jacob Löwig discovered bromine in 1825, while still a chemistry student at Heidelberg University, Germany. Antoine Balard distilled the bromine from a solution of seaweed ash saturated with chlorine in 1824. He finally published his results in 1826, providing evidence that the substance he had discovered was a new element.

路维格在1825年发现了溴，他当时还是一个德国海德堡大学的学生 安东尼 布拉德在1824年从海草灰的溶液中蒸馏出了溴 他最终在1826年发表了他的成果，一种新的元素

Scottish chemist Sir William Ramsay and his assistant English chemist Morris Travers discovered krypton in 1898 in London. They found krypton in the residue left from evaporating nearly all components of liquid air. William Ramsay was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovery of a series of noble gases, including krypton.

苏格兰化学家威廉 拉姆齐爵士和他的助手英格兰化学家莫里斯 特拉弗斯在1898年的伦敦发现了氪 他们发现了在几乎其他液态空气组分都挥发干净之后，氪还留在原地 威廉 拉姆齐因为发现了一系列稀有气体被授予诺贝尔奖

German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in 1861 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy. The separation of the metal was tried by Bunsen, but he never got samples with more than 18% of Rubidium. The separation of the metal was only accomplished by George de Hevesy, through the hydrolysis of melted rubidium hydroxide.

德国化学家罗伯特 本生和基尔霍夫在1861年通过分析火焰的光谱发现了铷 本生尝试制备铷金属，但是纯度没有高于18% 最后的分离式由乔治 德 赫维西单独通过电解液态的氢氧化铷得到

Strontium was recognized as a new element in 1790 when Adair Crawford and his colleague William Cruickshank analyzed a mineral sample from a lead mine near Strontian, Scotland. The element was eventually isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808. The isolation was done by the electrolysis of a mixture containing strontium chloride and mercuric oxide.

安德尔 克兰弗和他的同事威廉 克鲁仙客分析了一个来自斯特朗镇附近铅矿矿石样本 锶元素最终分离是被汉弗莱戴维爵士在1808年电解氯化锶和氧化汞的混合物时搞定的

In 1787, Carl Axel Arrhenius found a new mineral near Ytterby in Sweden and named it ytterbite, after the village. Johan Gadolin discovered yttrium's oxide in Arrhenius' sample in 1789, and Anders Gustaf Ekeberg named the new oxide yttria. Elemental yttrium was first isolated in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler.

在1787年，阿仑尼乌斯发现一种来自伊特比小镇的矿石中含有新的元素，并将其命名为伊特比 1789年，约翰 加多林在阿仑尼乌斯的样品中发现了氧化钇，并且艾克贝格也独立于二人发现了新的钇的氧化物 单质钇在1828年被维勒分离

Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka. Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube. Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.

锆首先被马丁 海因里希 克拉普鲁斯在1789年在柏林的一个锆矿石 样品发现 锆金属在1824年被贝采利乌斯用铁管加热钾和氟化锆的混合物的方法得到 荷兰科学家 安东 杜德 范 阿科尔和詹亨德里克在1925年发现了一种生产高数锆方法

Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801 and named the new element columbium. In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium. The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.

铌在1801年被英格兰化学家查尔斯 哈切特发现，并命名为钶（但未被采用） 1846年，德国化学家罗斯再次独立发现了这种元素并命名为铌 单质金属铌在1864年被瑞典科学家布朗斯特兰用在氢氛围中加热铌矿石的方法分离出来

Molybdenite was often confused for graphite and it was thought to contain lead. In 1778 Swedish scientist Carl Wilhelm Scheele proved that molybdenite was not graphite nor did it contain lead. In 1781, Scheele's friend and countryman, Peter J. Hjelm isolated the metal by using carbon and linseed oil.

辉钼矿经常和石墨被科学家搞混，所以常被认为包含有铅 1778年瑞典科学家舍勒证明了辉钼矿既不是石墨也不含铅 1781年，舍勒的朋友，皮特 捷尔姆用碳和亚麻油分离出来了金属钼

Element 43 was predicted on the basis of the periodic table, and was erroneously reported as having been discovered in 1925, at which time it was named masurium. The element was actually discovered by Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè in 1937. It was also found in a sample of molybdenum sent by Ernest Lawrence that was bombarded by deuterons in the Berkeley cyclotron.

43号元素被预测存在，且在1925年错误地被报道发现，那时被命名为“马”实际上，这个元素被皮耶尔和撒格雷发现于1937年 由劳伦斯寄给撒格雷的钼样品经氘核轰击而得到

Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated the element in 1807, but his work was not ratified. Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827. In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.

斯尼迪克在1807年分离出了钌，但是他的工作没有被认可 贝采尼乌斯和欧赛恩几乎在1827年发现了钌 1844年，克劳斯证明了钌的存在且用生产卢布的铂肥料分离出了钌，当时他在喀山大学工作

Rhodium was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston in London. He used crude platinum ore presumably obtained from South America. The introduction of the three way catalytic converter by Volvo in 1976 increased the demand for rhodium.

铑在1803年被威廉 海德 沃拉斯顿在伦敦发现 他用来自南美的粗品原油砂 三种催化转化的方法在1976年被沃尔沃引入提高了铑的需求

Palladium was discovered in 1803, in London, by English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He examined the residues left from platinum after dissolving it in aqua regia, a concentrated solution of hydrochloric and nitric acids. He then isolated palladium in a series of chemical reactions.

钯在1803年被沃拉斯顿在伦敦发现 他检测了海洋地区原油提取残留品，一种盐酸和硝酸的混酸 他然后用一系列的方法分离出了钯

Silver has been used for thousands of years for ornaments and utensils, for trade, and as the basis for many monetary systems. Its value as a precious metal was long considered second only to gold. Slag dumps in Asia Minor and on islands in the Aegean Sea indicate that man learned to separate silver from lead as early as 3000 BC.

银被作为装饰品，器械，货币和货币本位使用了上千年 他作为价值标志的价值的历史仅次于金 从爱琴海倾倒的工业废渣来看，人类在公元前3000年就已经学会了从铅中分离银

Cadmium was discovered by German chemist Friedrich Stromeyer in 1817 as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Stromeyer noted that some impure samples of calamine (zinc carbonate) changed color when heated but pure calamine did not. Cadmium was independently discovered by German chemist Karl Hermann in 1818.

镉在1817年被德国化学家斯多姆耶尔在不纯的碳化锌中发现 他注意到一些不纯的碳化锌样品在加热时会变色而纯品则不会 镉在1818年被德国的卡尔 赫尔曼独立的发现

Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter first identified indium in sphalerite by its bright indigo-blue spectroscopic emission line. As no element was known with a bright blue emission they concluded that a new element was present in the minerals. Richter went on to isolate the metal in 1864.

瑞奇和里希特首先通过靛蓝色的光谱特征发现了铟的存在 里希特之后分离出了其单质金属

Tin was first smelted in combination with copper around 3500 BC to produce bronze. The oldest artifacts date from around 2000 BC. Cassiterite, the tin oxide form of tin, was most likely the original source of tin in ancient times. British scientist Robert Boyle published a description of his experiments on the oxidation of tin in 1673.

公元前3500年的青铜是由锡和铜的混合物 最早的人工锡金属在公元前2000年被制成 锡石是最有可能的古代人的锡资源 英国科学家波义耳在1673年发表了关于他自己的关于锡的氧化物的实验描述

One of antimony's minerals, stibnite was recognized in predynastic Egypt as an eye cosmetic as early as about 3100 BC. The first European description of a procedure for isolating antimony is in the book De la pirotechnia of 1540 by Vannoccio Biringuccio. The first natural occurrence of pure antimony in the Earth's crust was described by the Swedish scientist and local mine district engineer Anton von Swab in 1783.

一种锑的矿石，辉锑矿在公元前3100年被古埃及人识别并被用来做眼睛的化妆品 首次欧洲的锑的分离纯品是在林格西必的德拉花炮制造书中提到 在地球外层中的天然纯锑在1783年被瑞典科学家和当地矿物导师工程师斯万描述并发表

Tellurium was discovered in Transylvania in 1782 by Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein in a mineral containing tellurium and gold. In 1789, another Hungarian scientist, Pál Kitaibel, also discovered the element independently in an ore from Deutsch-Pilsen which had been regarded as argentiferous molybdenite. In 1798, it was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth who earlier isolated it from the mineral calaverite.

碲最初被莱星斯坦在1782年在特兰斯瓦尼亚一个含碲和金的矿山中发现 1789年，另一个匈牙利科学家，基陶依拜尔，独立地在德意志-皮尔森的一座含银的辉铜矿山中同样发现了碲元素 1798年，它被最早从碲金矿中分离出单质的克拉普鲁斯命名为碲

Iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811. He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulphuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet colour. In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.

碘最早在1811年被法国化学家图尔斯发现 他用酒精获得了海带提取物，并用硫酸制造了紫色的碘蒸汽 1812年，盖 吕萨克测试证明了碘是一种新元素，并论证了它和氯的同族关系

Xenon was discovered in England by the Scottish chemist William Ramsay and English chemist Morris Travers in 1898. They found xenon in the residue left over from evaporating components of liquid air. Spectroscopic analysis showed the previously unseen beautiful blue lines that indicated the presence of a new element.

氙在1898年的英格兰被苏格兰化学家威廉萨姆齐和英国化学家特拉弗斯发现 他们从汽化的液态空气残留物中发现了氙 光谱分析产生的以前没有的蓝色的光线说明了这种新元素的身份

Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff were the first to suggest finding caesium in 1860 by spectrum analysis. They discovered caesium by its two blue emission lines in a sample of Dürkheim mineral water. The pure metal was eventually isolated by the German chemist Carl Setterberg while working on his doctorate with Kekulé and Bunsen.

罗伯特 本生和古斯塔夫 基尔霍夫在1860年通过光谱分析首先发现铯元素 他们分析杜克海姆矿泉水样品是发现了两个蓝色的光谱线证明了新的元素存在 纯静态最终被德国化学家卡尔 斯提堡在他的博士学位时和凯库勒和本生一同分离出来

Barium was identified as a new element in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Barium was first isolated by electrolysis of molten barium salts in 1808, by Sir Humphry Davy in England. Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen obtained pure barium by electrolysis of a molten mixture of barium chloride and ammonium chloride.

钡在1774年被卡尔 威赫姆 舍勒定义为一种新元素 钡在1808年被戴维在英格兰用电解熔融态钡盐的方法分离出来 本生和马蒂森通过电解氯化钡和氯化铵的混合物得到纯钡

Lanthanum was discovered in 1839 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander. He partially decomposed a sample of cerium nitrate by heating and treating the resulting salt with dilute nitric acid. From the resulting solution, he obtained a pale brick colored oxide of the new rare earth. Lanthanum was isolated in relatively pure form in 1923.

在1839年，镧被瑞典化学家莫桑德尔发现 他部分地用加热和稀硝酸处理产物的方法分解了硝酸铈的样品 从所得的溶液中，他获得了一堆有颜色的新稀土元素 镧在1923年被相对纯净的分离了出来

Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger discovered the element in ceria in 1803 in Sweden. Klaproth discovered it simultaneously and independently in some tantalum samples in Germany. Carl Gustaf Mosander, who worked closely with Berzelius, prepared metallic cerium in 1825.

1803年，在瑞典，贝采尼乌斯和西辛格尔在铈土中发现了铈 克拉普鲁斯几乎同时独立地在德国的一些钽样品中发现了铈 莫桑德尔，和贝采利乌斯在1825年制备了铈单质

Praseodymium was first identified in 1885, in Vienna, by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was discovered in didymium, a substance incorrectly said by Carl Gustav Mosander to be a new element in 1841. Pure metallic praseodymium was first produced in 1931.

镨在1885年被奥地利化学家韦尔斯巴克首先确认 它在钕镨合金，一种被莫桑德尔错误的认为是一种元素的混合物中被发现 纯净的金属镨在1931年被首次制备出来

Neodymium was first identified in 1885, in Vienna, by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It was discovered in didymium, a substance incorrectly said by Carl Gustav Mosander to be a new element in 1841. Pure neodymium metal was isolated in 1925.

钕在1885年被奥地利化学家韦尔斯巴克首先确认 它在钕镨合金，一种被莫桑德尔错误的认为是一种元素的混合物中被发现 纯净的金属钕在1925年被首次制备出来

The existence of an element between neodymium and samarium was first predicted by Czech chemist Bohuslav Brauner in 1902. Promethium was first produced and characterized at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1945 by Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell. It was produced by the separation and analysis of the fission products of uranium fuel irradiated in a graphite reactor.

这种介于钕和钐的金属在1902就被捷克化学家布劳那预测存在 钷最早被马林斯基和劳伦斯识别和制备出来是在1945年的橡树岭国家实验室，它是在石墨反应器中分离和分析铀衰变的放射性产物而得到的

In 1853, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac discovered samarium when he found lines in mineral spectra. Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran isolated a samarium salt in Paris in 1879 from the mineral samarskite and identified a new element in it via sharp optical absorption lines. The pure element was produced only in 1901 by Eugène-Anatole Demarçay.

1853年，马里纳克在光谱分析一种矿石时发现了钐 布瓦伯德朗在1879年的巴黎分离出来了一种钐的盐并且通过可视的吸收光谱分析确认了新元素的存在 纯净的钐单质在1901年被德姆西制备

Europium was first found by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1890. In 1896, French chemist Eugène-Antole Demarçay identified spectroscopic lines in ‘samarium' caused by europium. He successfully isolated europium in 1901 using repeated crystallizations of samarium magnesium nitrate.

布瓦伯德朗在1890年发现了铕 1896年，法国科学家德姆西在钐的光谱中发现了由铕杂质产生的光谱 它在1901年用多次结晶的办法成功地分离出了铕

Gadolinium was first detected spectroscopically in 1880 by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac who separated its oxide. He observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of gadolinite and in the separate mineral cerite. The metal was isolated by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886.

钆最初在1880年被瑞士化学家马里尼亚克用光谱法探测到并制得其氧化物 它观察了光谱特征线因为钆在钆样品和铈矿石中都存在 纯金属钆在1886年被布瓦伯德朗分离出来

Terbium was discovered in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander, who detected it as an impurity in yttria. Using ammonium hydroxide he precipitated fractions of different basicity from yttria. In these fractions he found that the fraction that was essentially colorless in solution, but gave a brown-tinged oxide was terbium.

铽在1843年被瑞典化学家莫桑德尔在钇土中发现 他用氨水促成了粗品系统碱性和钇的分离 在这些分离中，他发现虽然这些组分都是无色的，但是出现了淡棕色的铽

French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, while working with holmium oxide, separated dysprosium oxide from it in Paris in 1886. His procedure for isolating the dysprosium involved dissolving dysprosium oxide in acid, then adding ammonia to precipitate the hydroxide. It was not isolated in pure form until the development of ion exchange techniques in the 1950s.

法国化学家布瓦伯德朗，在研究氧化钬时，在1886年的巴黎分离出了氧化镝 他的过程是先溶解粗品于酸中，在加入氨气促进氢氧化 分离产品不是纯品，直到1950年代纯品采用离子交换法分离出来

Holmium was discovered by Swiss chemists Marc Delafontaine and Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878. They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element. Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth.

钬在1878年被瑞士化学家马可 德拉台涅和雅克 路易斯 索瑞发现 他们注意到一个反常的不属于任何已知元素的吸收谱线带 之后的1878年，克里夫在研究氧化铒粗品时独立地再次发现了钬

Erbium was discovered in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander, who detected it as an impurity in yttria. Using ammonium hydroxide he precipitated fractions of different basicity from yttria. In these fractions he found that the fraction that contained the pink color was erbium.

铒在1843年被瑞典化学家莫桑德尔在钇土中发现 他用氨水促成了粗品系统碱性和钇的分离 在这些分离中，他发现虽然这些组分都是无色的，但是出现了粉色的铒的组分

Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements. The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham. High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.

铥在1879年被瑞典化学家克里夫在搜寻不纯品中的稀土金属是发现 最早的关于分离纯品的研究由查尔斯 詹姆斯，一个被英国驱逐出境的的汉普夏的达雷姆学院的学者 高纯度的氧化铥在1950年代被商业化

Ytterbium was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in the year 1878. In 1907, in Paris, George Urbain separated ytterbia into two constituents. Ytterbium metal was first made in 1937 by Klemm and Bonner by heating ytterbium chloride and potassium together. A relatively pure sample of the metal was obtained only in 1953.

镱最早被瑞士化学家马里纳克在1878年发现 1907年，在巴黎，乔治 乌尔班从镱氧体中分离出两种组分 镱金属在1937年被克莱姆和邦纳 用加热氯化镱和钾的方法分离出来 一个更纯的金属镱样品在1953年被制备出来

French chemist Georges Urbain successfully separated lutetium from ytterbia in 1907 in Paris. Austrian scientist Carl Auer von Welsbach and American chemist Charles James also succeeded in isolating lutetium independently in the same year. Pure lutetium metal was first produced in 1953.

法国化学家乌尔班在1907年的巴黎成功的从镱氧体中分离出镥 同年，奥地利科学家韦尔斯巴克和美国科学家查尔斯同样独立地分离出了镥 镥纯品在1953年被得到

In 1911, Georges Urbain claimed to have found the element in rare-earth residues which was shown later to be a mixture of already discovered lanthanides. Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy found it by X-ray spectroscopic analysis in Norwegian zircon in 1922. Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer were the first to prepare metallic hafnium by passing hafnium tetra-iodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament in 1924.

在1911年，乔治 乌尔班宣称他发现了又一种稀土金属，当然最后被认定是一种早已发现的镧化物 迪克 克斯特和乔治 德 赫维西在1922年用X光分析法分析了一种挪威锆石 阿克尔 和玻尔在1924年首先用铪的四价碘化物蒸汽通过高温的钨丝而制得

Tantalum was discovered in Sweden in 1802 by Anders Ekeberg in the minerals tantalite from Finland and yttrotantalite from Sweden. Unfortunately, William Hyde Wollaston claimed Ekeberg's new element was actually niobium, which had also been discovered in 1802. In 1846, German chemist Heinrich Rose finally proved beyond doubt that tantalum and niobium were different elements.

钽在1802年被安德 艾克贝格在芬兰的钽铁矿和瑞典的钇钽矿发现 不幸的是，沃拉斯顿宣称艾克贝格的发现是1802年发现的铌 1846年，德国化学家罗斯最后证明了钽和铌的不同点

Torbern Bergman obtained from scheelite an oxide of a new element in 1781. In 1783, José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid made from wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid. Later that year, in Spain, the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten by reduction of this acid with charcoal, and they are credited with the discovery of the element.

特玻 伯格曼在1781年从白钨矿中发现了一种新元素的氧化物 1783年，乔斯和奥华发现了一种由钨锰铁矿种获得的酸（最后被证明是钨酸） 过了几年，在西班牙，这两兄弟通过用木炭还原钨酸成功分离出了钨单质，当然他们被认为是钨元素的发现者

In 1908, Japanese chemist Masataka Ogawa announced that he discovered the 43rd element. However, later analysis indicated the presence of rhenium (element 75), not element 43. In 1922, Walter Noddack, Ida Eva Tacke and Otto Berg announced its separation from gadolinite and gave it the present name.

1908年，日本化学家小川真孝宣称他发现了43号元素 然而事实证明他发现了75号元素，而不是43号元素 1922年，瓦尔特 诺丹科，艾达 伊万和奥托 伯格宣称他们从硅铍钇矿中分离出了铼单质并给了他现在的名字

Osmium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London. Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue. Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.

锇在1803年被英格兰化学家史密森 坦能在伦敦发现 他在把铂溶解在水中得到一种可溶盐且观察到了小批量的黑色，不溶物残留 史密森分析了这种残留并总结到了残留中必定含有一种新元素

Iridium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London. Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue. Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.

锇在1803年被英格兰化学家史密森 坦能在伦敦发现 他在把铂溶解在水中得到一种可溶盐且观察到了小批量的黑色，不溶物残留 史密森分析了这种残留并总结到了残留中必定含有一种新元素

Platinum was first used by pre-Columbian South American natives to produce artifacts. Antonio de Ulloa published his findings about platinum in 1748, but Sir Charles Wood also investigated the metal in 1741. First reference to it as a new metal was made by William Brownrigg in 1750.

铂首先在哥伦布前的南美洲土著人群中用于制造人工产品 安东尼奥 德 乌罗阿在1748年发表了他对于铂的观察，但是查尔斯 伍德爵士同样在1741年考察了这种金属 首先在1750年把这些考察定义为新金属的是威廉布朗明

Gold has been known since prehistoric times and was the first metal used by humans. Gold artifacts dated to 5000 years ago have been found in Egyptian tombs. Gold of 98% purity has been found in Nahal Qunah in the ancient kingdom of Israel, dating from about 6000 years ago.

金在史前就被人类熟知，是人类最先应用的金属 金的人造产品可以回溯到5000年前的埃及陵墓 98%纯度的金在以色列农垦区被发现，可以追溯到6000年前

Mercury was known to the ancient Chinese and Indians and has been found in Egyptian tombs dating back to about 1500 BC. Alchemists thought of mercury as the First Matter from which all metals were formed. They believed that different metals could be produced by varying the quality and quantity of sulfur contained within the mercury.

汞在古代中国和印度被熟知并且在古代埃及的大约公元前1500年的陵墓被发现 炼丹家认为汞是首先形成的金属 他们认为汞可以作为原料通过添加硫来合成其他各种金属

Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London. In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite. He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.

铊在1861被威廉 克鲁克斯在伦敦用光谱分析发现 在1862年，克劳德-奥古斯特 雷梅用光谱测量法测定了一种从黄铁矿中获得的含硒硫酸产品的组成 他注意到光谱中有一条未知的绿色谱线，经过总结，他认定这是一种新元素的特征谱线

Metallic lead beads dating back to 6400 BC have been found in Çatalhöyük in modern-day Turkey. The Romans also used lead in molten form to secure iron pins that held together large limestone blocks in certain monumental buildings. In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal and was associated with the planet Saturn.

金属铅的历史可以追溯到公元前6400年的土耳其 罗马人同样用熔化的铅来固定特定重要的建筑物内拉着大块石灰石的铁钉 在古代炼金术中，铅被认为是最老的金属并和土星联系在一起