Berkelium is mainly used for scientific research purposes.<br><br>Berkelium-249 is a common target nuclide to prepare still heavier transuranic elements and transactinides, such as lawrencium, rutherfordium and bohrium.<br><br>It is also useful as a source of the isotope californium-249.

No translations found

Californium is used as a portable neutron source for discovery of metals such as gold or silver by on-the-spot activation analysis.<br><br>Neutrons from californium are employed as a treatment of certain cervical and brain cancers where other radiation therapy is ineffective.<br><br>Neutron moisture gauges use californium-252 to find water and petroleum layers in oil wells.

No translations found

Einsteinium is mainly used for scientific research purposes.<br><br>The rare isotope einsteinium-254 is favored for production of ultraheavy elements.<br><br>Einsteinium-254 was used as the calibration marker in the chemical analysis spectrometer of the Surveyor 5 lunar probe.

No translations found

Fermium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Mendelevium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Nobelium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Lawrencium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Rutherfordium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Dubnium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Seaborgium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Bohrium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Hassium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Meitnerium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Darmstadtium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Roentgenium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Copernicium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Nihonium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Flerovium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Moscovium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Livermorium is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Tennessine is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Oganesson is used for scientific research purposes only.

No translations found

Hydrogen poses a number of hazards to safety, from fires when mixed with air to being an asphyxiant in its pure form

No translations found

Helium is not known to be toxic

No translations found

Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling to avoid skin contact

No translations found

Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care

No translations found

Elemental boron, boron oxide, boric acid, borates and many organoboron compounds are non-toxic

No translations found

Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal

No translations found

Rapid release of nitrogen gas into an enclosed space can displace oxygen, and therefore represents an asphyxiation hazard

No translations found

Oxygen gas can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions and other health problems

No translations found

Fluorine is highly toxic and corrosive

No translations found

Neon is not known to be toxic

No translations found

Sodium metal should be handled with great care as it cannot be maintained in an inert atmosphere

No translations found

Because serious fires can occur, great care should be taken in handling magnesium metal

No translations found

Aluminium is not known to be toxic

No translations found

If breathed in as a fine silica/silicate dust, it may cause chronic respiratory problems

No translations found

White phosphorus is highly toxic while red phosphorus is considered non-toxic

No translations found

Elemental sulphur is considered to be of low toxicity

No translations found

Elemental chlorine at high concentrations is extremely dangerous and poisonous

No translations found

Argon is considered to be non-toxic

No translations found

Potassium must be handled with great care with full skin and eye protection

No translations found

Calcium is considered to be non-toxic

No translations found

Scandium is considered to be of low toxicity

No translations found

Titanium metal is considered to be non-toxic

No translations found

All vanadium compounds should be considered toxic

No translations found

In larger amounts, chromium can be toxic and carcinogenic

No translations found

Excess manganese, particularly inhalation of the powder, is toxic

No translations found

Iron is considered to be non-toxic

Za željezo se smatra da nije otrovno

Cobalt and its compounds are considered to be slightly toxic

No translations found

Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic

No translations found